La RNF del Río Xares es representativa de los ríos de montaña húmeda silícea, así como de los pequeños ejes cántabro atlánticos silíceo.
La reserva del Río Xares presenta un régimen hidrológico con origen nivo-pluvial, mostrando en general un alto grado de naturalidad.
El río Xares y sus afluentes discurren mayoritariamente por un valle con llanura de inundación estrecha y discontinua, aunque también en menor medida por alguna zona confinada. En la cabecera tiene una elevada pendiente dando lugar a un flujo rápido, con saltos de cierta altura y pozas. La vegetación de ribera está representada por las especies típicas de las alisedas oceánicas y presenta un grado de naturalidad muy alto.
Su sistema fluvial constituye un hábitat potencial de múltiples especies, siendo especialmente valioso por su rica y variada ictiofauna, como la trucha, la anguila, el bordallo, etc. Además. destaca la presencia del desmán ibérico, que se encuentra en la categoría de Peligro de Extinción.
En definitiva, el tramo del río Xares y sus afluentes muestra una importante representatividad y mantiene un estado con presiones antrópicas poco significativas, que conforma un paisaje fluvial de gran belleza y singularidad.
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