El río Zumeta (desde su nacimiento hasta el Embalse de la Novia) es un ejemplo representativo de los ríos de montaña mediterránea calcárea. La reserva queda integrada por cuatro cauces principales: rambla de los Cuartos, arroyo del Sabuquillo, rambla de los Vaquerizos y río Zumeta.
El régimen hidrológico es pluvial mediterráneo, permanente en el curso principal y temporal o fuertemente estacional en alguno de sus afluentes.
Los cursos de agua atraviesan valles confinados y modelados sobre roca caliza. En algunos tramos presentan una llanura de inundación estrecha y discontinua en la que aparecen margas arenosas y depósitos aluviales en forma de arenas, limos. Los distintos cauces presentan un trazado rectilíneo y en algunos tramos, sinuoso.
La continuidad longitudinal de la vegetación es alta y está constituida principalmente por una sauceda blanca que alterna con los taxones típicos de la mimbrera calcófila termófila.
El río Zumeta y sus arroyos de cabecera presentan un estado de conservación excelente con escasas presiones antrópicas que se reducen a usos ganaderos y forestales existentes en la cuenca vertiente, los cuales no alteran la dinámica natural de los procesos fluviales.
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