Como complemento de la red de seguimiento piezométrico para control del estado cuantitativo de las masas de agua subterránea, se realiza también un control foronómico de los manantiales. El parámetro medido en este control es el caudal de las principales descargas o surgencias naturales que se producen por manantiales singulares, o en tramos identificados de ríos, que conforman lo que se denomina red de seguimiento hidrométrico de manantiales. Esta red es a su vez parte o complemento de la Red Integrada de Estaciones de Aforos.
Las mediciones en estos manantiales se realizan habitualmente con frecuencia mensual mediante aforos directos con dispositivos tipo molinete. En la actualidad se están iniciando proyectos para construir estaciones hidrométricas automatizadas con medidas de frecuencia diaria.
La principal utilidad de estas mediciones de las descargas por manantiales, como ya se ha dicho, es complementar el control piezométrico de las masas de agua subterránea y aumentar la precisión del control en las estaciones de aforo, para evaluar sus aportaciones a los caudales de ríos y arroyos, así como a espacios naturales con figuras de protección medioambiental, que será la base tanto para la calibración de los modelos usados en la evaluación del estado de las aguas subterráneas, como para su posterior seguimiento. Las correlaciones que pueden establecerse entre los datos piezométricos e hidrométricos, permiten realizar predicciones del caudal base de los ríos en función del estado piezométrico de los acuíferos, y contrastar las posibles influencias de la explotación de las aguas subterráneas sobre estos últimos.
Enlaces a páginas web de la red de seguimiento foronómico de manantiales de las CCHH:
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