Los Sistemas Automáticos de Información Hidrológica (SAIH) constituyen una potente herramienta para las Confederaciones Hidrográficas (CCHH), tanto para la gestión de recursos hídricos como para la previsión y control de avenidas en coordinación con los organismos de protección civil de las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas y del Estado, asimismo ofrecen al ciudadano servicios de información hidrometeorológica e hidráulica en tiempo real dentro del ámbito de actuación de los distintos SAIH.
Proporciona información relativa a los niveles y caudales circulantes por los principales ríos y afluentes, el nivel y volumen embalsado en las presas, el caudal desaguado por los aliviaderos, válvulas y compuertas de las mismas, la precipitación en numerosos puntos y los caudales detraídos por los principales usos del agua en cuenca.
Los objetivos primordiales del SAIH son servir de sistema de información en tiempo real para:
• Gestión ordinaria de los recursos hídricos.
• Gestión extraordinaria en avenidas y sequías.
• Planificación de las campañas de riego.
• Seguimiento de caudales ecológicos.
• Control de niveles piezométricos de las aguas subterráneas.
• Vigilancia de la calidad de las aguas.
• Gestión del conocimiento.
Las variables principales que se miden y, por tanto para las que se instalan los sensores correspondientes, son:
• Embalses, presas y azudes.
ü Nivel de embalse.
ü Caudal de salida.
• Posición de compuertas.
• Ríos, ramblas, canales y conducciones:
ü Nivel y caudal en ríos.
ü Nivel y caudal en canal.
ü Caudal en conducciones.
• Estaciones meteorológicas (temperatura, evaporación,…).
• Precipitación líquida y sólida.
• Nivel y densidad de nieve acumulada.
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