El Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico ostenta la representación de España ante numerosos organismos internacionales con competencias en medio ambiente y energía. A través de las unidades técnicas se ejercen las funciones de representación ante los organismos y, cuando procede, se actúa como punto focal nacional en instituciones tales como el Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente, la Agencia Europea de Medio Ambiente, la Comisión Europea, la Agencia Internacional de la Energía, entre otras. Corresponde también al MITECO el liderazgo en las negociaciones de los Convenios Internacionales de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático, la Diversidad Biológica y la Lucha contra la Desertificación.
Dentro del Ministerio, la unidad de Relaciones Internacionales coordina la acción exterior en el ámbito de las políticas de competencia del Ministerio, así como el impulso y desarrollo de las actividades necesarias para el cumplimiento derivado de los compromisos internacionales y programas internacionales de cooperación y asistencia técnica. Ejerce la dirección, impulso y coordinación de las consejerías en el exterior, y el seguimiento y asistencia a los restantes órganos del Ministerio en la preparación de los Consejos de Ministros de la Unión Europea.
Además, esta unidad transversal, dependiente de la Subsecretaría, ostenta la representación del Ministerio ante diversos organismos internacionales cuando las materias que se negocian afectan a varias unidades en el Ministerio, como ocurre en el caso del G20 o en cuestiones relativas a la minería de los fondos marinos, entre otras, y es el punto focal ante el Ministerio de la Presidencia, Justicia y Relaciones con las Cortes para cumbres y reuniones de alto nivel.
Igualmente, la Subdirección General de Relaciones Internacionales es responsable de la tramitación ante el Consejo de Ministros de las más de cincuenta contribuciones obligatorias y voluntarias que se hacen a organismos internacionales, y es el punto focal ante el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación para el seguimiento de los procedimientos iniciados por la Comisión Europea en el caso de incumplimientos o retrasos en la aplicación de la normativa europea.
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